Physics 321 : Synopsis
The basis for this laboratory will be six classic experiments which were basic to the paradigm change that 
led directly from the classical world to world of physics as we know it today: (1) the Spectroscope and the 
Balmer spectrum of hydrogen, (2)  the Michelson interferometer and ether drift, (3)  the measurement of 
e/m, (4)  the measurement of h/e, (5)  the Frank-Hertz experiment (quantized energy levels), and (6)  the 
Millikan oil drop experiment (the measurement of the charge on an electron ).  There also may be the 
opportunity for an optional additional experiment.  
The objective of the lab is to advance your education regarding the approach and techniques of the physics 
laboratory as well as to complement your introduction to the concepts of modern physics as represented by 
the experiments in quantum physics you will perform here. (Note, however, that it is increasingly 
questionable as to whether the physics discovered 75 to 100 years ago should be given the title of modern 
physics.  In no way does this diminish the importance of these experiments to your own development.)  A 
major part of that goal is to develop your observational skills and experimental skills as a physicist.
Approximately two weeks apiece will be alloted to the first 5 experiments, and the reaming time to the 
sixth (Millikan).  Grading is baxed upon your laboratory notebook and your performance in the 
laboratory.